Why this matters now
The Constituent Assembly — its composition, committees, key dates and figures — is a prelims staple and the foundation of the entire polity syllabus.
The Constituent Assembly
The Constituent Assembly was set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946), with members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies. Dr Rajendra Prasad was its President; Dr B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee. The Objectives Resolution (moved by Nehru) laid out the guiding ideals that became the basis of the Preamble.
The drafting process
The Assembly worked through numerous committees (Union Powers, Fundamental Rights, etc.) and a Drafting Committee of seven. The Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949 (Constitution Day) and came into force on 26 January 1950 — taking about 2 years, 11 months and 18 days.
Sources of the Constitution
The Constitution borrowed from many sources: the GoI Act 1935 (federal scheme, administrative detail — the largest single source), the UK (parliamentary system, rule of law), the US (Fundamental Rights, judicial review, preamble), Ireland (DPSP), Canada (strong centre), and others — blended into a unique document.
UPSC angle
Know the Assembly (Cabinet Mission, indirectly elected, Rajendra Prasad President, Ambedkar Drafting Committee), the Objectives Resolution (Nehru), key dates (26 Nov 1949 / 26 Jan 1950), and sources (GoI 1935, UK, US, Ireland).
Frequently asked questions
Who chaired the Drafting Committee?
Dr B.R. Ambedkar.
When was the Constitution adopted and enforced?
Adopted on 26 November 1949 and brought into force on 26 January 1950.
How was the Constituent Assembly formed?
Under the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, with members indirectly elected by the provincial assemblies.
What is the largest single source of the Constitution?
The Government of India Act, 1935.