Why this matters now
The G20, India’s presidency outcomes and the reform of global governance are highly topical GS-2 themes — showing India’s growing diplomatic weight.
The G20
The G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation, comprising 19 major economies, the EU and (since India’s presidency) the African Union. It addresses growth, finance, trade, climate, health and digital issues, accounting for the bulk of world GDP, trade and population.
India’s 2023 presidency
India hosted the G20 in 2023 under the theme “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam — One Earth, One Family, One Future”. Key outcomes: the New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration (consensus despite global tensions), the admission of the African Union as a permanent member, the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), a focus on the Global South, digital public infrastructure, green development and multilateral-bank reform.
Reforming global governance
India argues that global institutions (UN, IMF, World Bank, WTO) are outdated and under-represent the Global South. As a bridge/“vishwamitra” power, it pushes for reformed multilateralism — more representative institutions, debt relief and climate finance for developing nations.
UPSC angle
Know the G20 (premier economic forum, AU added), India’s 2023 presidency (Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, New Delhi Declaration, IMEC, Global South), and the reformed-multilateralism agenda.
Frequently asked questions
What is the G20?
The premier forum for international economic cooperation, comprising major economies, the EU and the African Union.
What was the theme of India’s G20 presidency?
“Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam — One Earth, One Family, One Future”.
What were the key outcomes of India’s G20 presidency?
The New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration, the admission of the African Union, the IMEC corridor and a focus on the Global South.
What is reformed multilateralism?
India’s call to make global institutions like the UN, IMF and World Bank more representative of the Global South.