Ecology & biodiversity
- Ecology & Ecosystem Basics
- Biodiversity & Conservation
- Biodiversity Hotspots
- Biosphere Reserves
- Forest Types
- Wildlife Protection & Protected Areas
- Species Conservation Projects
- Ramsar Sites
17+
Environment topics
GS-3
Core paper
Ecology→laws
Coverage
Updated
Jun 2026
Climate change
Pollution, waste & laws
- Air Pollution & NCAP
- Water Pollution & Conservation
- Solid & Plastic Waste
- Plastic Pollution
- Environmental Laws of India
- Environmental Impact Assessment
- International Conventions
Quick reference
UPSC angle
Environment is a high-weight Prelims area. Cover ecology basics, biodiversity & conservation, climate change, pollution and the legal/conventions framework.
Frequently asked questions
What does the Environment hub cover?
Ecology and ecosystems, biodiversity and conservation, climate change, pollution and waste, environmental laws and conventions, and sustainable development.
Why is environment important for UPSC?
It carries significant weight in Prelims and links to GS-3, current affairs and disaster management.
Which environment topics are most tested?
Biodiversity and conservation, climate change (UNFCCC/Paris), pollution, and international conventions.
How should I study environment?
Start with ecology basics, then biodiversity and climate change, and finish with pollution, laws and conventions.