Why this matters now
The VP is tested for the electoral college (which differs from the President’s), qualifications, term, and the dual role (Rajya Sabha Chairman + standing in for the President).
Election
The Vice-President is elected by an electoral college consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) — including nominated members — by proportional representation through the single transferable vote and secret ballot. (Unlike the President’s election, state legislatures are not involved.)
Qualifications and term
A candidate must be a citizen of India, at least 35 years old, and qualified to be a member of the Rajya Sabha (not the Lok Sabha), and must not hold an office of profit. The term is five years, and the VP may be re-elected. The VP can resign to the President and be removed by a Rajya Sabha resolution (passed by a majority and agreed by the Lok Sabha).
Role and functions
The VP is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and presides over its proceedings (but is not a member of either House). When the office of President falls vacant (death, resignation, removal), the VP acts as President for a maximum of six months, within which a new President must be elected; the VP also discharges the President’s functions when the President is temporarily unable to.
Significance
The office provides continuity in the highest executive office and effective presiding leadership of the Upper House, balancing the parliamentary system.
UPSC angle
Contrast the VP’s electoral college (only MPs, incl. nominated) with the President’s (MPs + MLAs, no nominated). Note the RS-membership qualification and the 6-month cap when acting as President.
Frequently asked questions
Who elects the Vice-President of India?
An electoral college of members of both Houses of Parliament (including nominated members), by proportional representation with the single transferable vote.
What is the main role of the Vice-President?
To serve as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha and to act as President when that office is vacant or the President is unable to function.
What are the qualifications for Vice-President?
A citizen of India, at least 35 years old, qualified to be a Rajya Sabha member, and not holding any office of profit.
For how long can the Vice-President act as President?
For a maximum of six months, within which a new President must be elected.