Why this matters now
The state legislature — especially the Legislative Council’s creation/abolition and the Sabha vs Parishad contrast — is tested in prelims and GS-2.
Structure
The state legislature consists of the Governor and one or two Houses: the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) — directly elected, the lower/popular House (which exists in every state) — and, in some states, the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) — an indirectly elected/nominated upper House. States can be unicameral or bicameral.
Creation and abolition of the Council
A Legislative Council can be created or abolished by Parliament under Article 169, on a resolution passed by the state’s Legislative Assembly by a special majority. The Council is a partly permanent body (one-third retire every two years) and is generally a subordinate/advisory chamber (it cannot ultimately block ordinary or money bills for long).
Powers and law-making
The state legislature makes laws on the State and Concurrent Lists, controls the executive (Council of Ministers responsible to the Assembly), and passes the state budget. A bill becomes law with the Governor’s assent (who may also reserve it for the President). The Assembly alone can pass a no-confidence motion.
UPSC angle
Know Vidhan Sabha (directly elected, in all states) vs Vidhan Parishad (indirect/nominated, only some states), Council creation/abolition (Art 169, Parliament + state special majority), and the Council’s subordinate role.
Frequently asked questions
What are the two Houses of a state legislature?
The Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and, in some states, the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad).
How is a Legislative Council created or abolished?
By Parliament under Article 169, on a special-majority resolution of the state Legislative Assembly.
Is the Legislative Council a powerful House?
No — it is largely a subordinate, advisory chamber that cannot block ordinary or money bills for long.
Who is part of the state legislature besides the Houses?
The Governor.