How to use this glossary
Useful for general awareness and the Digital India / governance themes. Group the web basics, networking terms and government platforms.
HTTP
Web protocol
VPN
Private network
UPI
Digital payments
DBT
Benefit transfer
Web and internet basics
| Abbr. | Full form |
|---|---|
| HTTP / HTTPS | HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure) |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator |
| WWW | World Wide Web |
| IP | Internet Protocol |
| ISP | Internet Service Provider |
Networking and security
| Abbr. | Full form |
|---|---|
| LAN / WAN | Local / Wide Area Network |
| VPN | Virtual Private Network |
| VoIP | Voice over Internet Protocol |
| OTP | One Time Password |
| SIM | Subscriber Identity Module |
| QR (code) | Quick Response code |
Digital governance platforms
| Abbr. | Full form |
|---|---|
| UPI | Unified Payments Interface |
| DBT | Direct Benefit Transfer |
| JAM | Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile (trinity) |
| e-NAM | Electronic National Agriculture Market |
| DPDP | Digital Personal Data Protection (Act) |
| ONDC | Open Network for Digital Commerce |
UPSC angle
Know the web basics (HTTP/HTML/URL/IP) and the digital-governance platforms (UPI/DBT/JAM/ONDC). DPDP Act is a current-affairs item.
Frequently asked questions
What is the full form of HTTP?
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTPS adds “Secure”).
What does URL stand for?
Uniform Resource Locator.
What is the full form of DBT?
Direct Benefit Transfer — crediting subsidies/benefits directly to beneficiaries’ accounts.
What is the full form of JAM?
Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile — the trinity enabling direct benefit transfers.