Why this matters now
The paradigm shift to DRR, early-warning systems and the Sendai Framework are central, frequently-tested GS-3 disaster-management themes.
The paradigm shift
Disaster management has shifted from a relief-centric, reactive approach to a holistic, proactive one emphasising prevention, mitigation and preparedness (pre-disaster) alongside response, recovery and “build back better” (post-disaster) — the basis of India’s DM Act 2005 and the Sendai Framework.
DRR pillars
DRR works by understanding risk (hazard/vulnerability mapping), strengthening governance, investing in resilience (resilient infrastructure, insurance), and preparedness (early warning, drills, capacity) — the four priorities of the Sendai Framework (2015-2030). India also champions the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI).
Early-warning systems
Early-warning systems (EWS) save lives by giving timely alerts — e.g. IMD (cyclones/heatwaves), CWC (floods), INCOIS (tsunamis), GSI (landslides). Effective EWS need accurate forecasting, clear risk communication (last-mile, multi-channel), and community response capacity. Improved cyclone warnings have sharply cut deaths in India.
UPSC angle
Know the shift from relief to DRR (prevention/mitigation/preparedness + build back better), the Sendai Framework’s 4 priorities, CDRI, and early-warning agencies (IMD cyclones, CWC floods, INCOIS tsunamis, GSI landslides).
Frequently asked questions
What is Disaster Risk Reduction?
A proactive approach that reduces disaster risk through prevention, mitigation and preparedness rather than only response.
What is the Sendai Framework?
The 2015-2030 global framework for disaster risk reduction, with four priorities for action.
Which agencies provide early warnings in India?
The IMD (cyclones/heatwaves), CWC (floods), INCOIS (tsunamis) and GSI (landslides).
What is the CDRI?
The Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, an India-led global initiative.